Skin Cancer: A Global Concern with Local Implications in South Africa

Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, and South Africa has some of the highest ultraviolet (UV) levels globally, contributing to one of the highest skin cancer rates. In 2014 alone, over 20,000 South Africans were diagnosed with non-melanoma skin cancers, and more than 1,500 were diagnosed with melanoma.

Understanding Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is both preventable and treatable. It is caused by prolonged exposure to sunlight and can affect anyone, regardless of skin color, gender, or age.

There are two main categories of skin cancer:

1. Melanoma

   • The most dangerous, though less common, type.
   • Often caused by short bursts of intense UV exposure, such as a single severe sunburn, particularly in childhood.
   • Early detection is critical.

2. Non-Melanoma

   • Linked to long-term sun exposure, especially in outdoor occupations or sports.
   • If untreated, it can cause disfigurement or loss of facial features such as the nose, ear, or eye.

Skin Cancer Awareness Month

From 1 December to 31 January, we focus on raising awareness about the dangers of UV exposure. Being sun-smart and practicing responsible sun care year-round can help reduce risks.

Sun-Smart Tips to Lower Risk

• Avoid Sunburn: It can occur within 15 minutes and causes permanent, irreversible damage that increases skin cancer risk.
• Say No to Sunbeds: Sunbeds and sunlamps elevate your risk of skin cancer.
• Use Sunscreen:
  • Opt for SPF 20-50, or SPF 30-50 for fair to very fair skin.
  • Apply generously at least 20 minutes before going outdoors.
  • Reapply every 2 hours, or after swimming, sweating, or towel drying.
• Limit Sun Exposure:
  • Stay out of direct sunlight between 10 AM and 3 PM.
  • Seek shade or use umbrellas, even on cloudy days.
• Wear Protective Clothing:
  • Choose wide-brimmed hats, loose-fitting shirts, and sunglasses with UV400 protection.
• Monitor Your Skin:
• Watch for asymmetrical marks, moles that change color or size, or irregular edges.
• Seek medical advice immediately if you notice changes.

Get Screened
Visit your local CANSA care center for screenings and early detection.

Sources: Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA), World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Health SA.